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Abstract: Mechanisms of grass- and forb-seed input and output
in the central Monte desert of Argentina were studied in 1995 to
assess the impact that autumn-winter granivores, especially birds,
may have on soil-seed reserves. The abundance of perennial-grass
seeds in late summer soils (ca. 2,400 seeds/m2 or 0.36
g/m2) remained unchanged the following early spring (ca.
2,700 seeds/m2 or 0.39 g/m2), despite the
incorporation of about 3,000 seeds/m2 or 0.71 g/m2
newly-produced grass seeds during autumn-winter. Grass seeds appeared
to be heavily consumed, especially the medium-sized ones. The annual-forb
seed bank was about the same size in late summer (ca. 5,500 seeds/m2
or 1.34 g/m2) as in early spring (ca. 6,500 seeds/m2
or 1.53 g/m2). Since forb-seed production had been relatively
low (ca. 400 seeds/m2 or 0.12 g/m2), these
seeds apparently suffered negligible postdispersal losses. This
pattern of grass- and forb-seed loss coincides with the pattern
of seed consumption by granivorous birds on average, 93% of
seed mass in bird stomachs was from grass seeds, while only 7% was
from forb seeds. Further evidence of a major impact of bird foraging
on seed reserves is that the mass of particular grass seeds that
was lost from soils was positively correlated with the mass of such
seeds in bird diets; and that the main target of bird consumption,
i.e. medium-sized grass seeds, suffered the highest postdispersal
loss. We conclude that autumn-winter granivores in the central Monte
desert, particularly birds, mainly consume newly-produced grass
seeds and that they might have major qualitative as well as quantitative
impacts on soil-seed reserves.
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