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Abstract: The estimation of an ant's diet is crucial in
many ecological studies. Different techniques, which involve different
assumptions and field procedures, have been used to estimate the
composition of harvester ant diet. In this study, three techniques
are compared for the estimation of the diet of Pogonomyrmex rastratus
(Mayr), Pogonomyrmex pronotalis (Santschi), and Pogonomyrmex
inermis (Forel) in the central Monte desert, Argentina: (1)
hand collection of items brought back to the nest by foragers, (2)
collection of items with a semiautomated device with pitfall traps,
and (3) collection of the discarded material accumulated in middens.
The hand collection technique and the collection of middens provided
the lowest and the highest number of items, respectively. Midden
samples and pitfall traps contained a higher proportion of nonseed
items, probably coming from sources other than ants, than hand-collected
items. The three techniques provided similar estimations of species
richness but a bias against small seeds was detected for P. pronotalis
and P. inermis with the hand collection technique, possibly
because of the difficulty of collecting small items by hand. The
percentage of seed species in the diet obtained with different techniques
was positively correlated in the great majority of colonies. Overall,
despite their intrinsic differences, the three techniques proved
consistent, which constitutes a robustness test for the estimations
obtained. In comparative ecological studies, the awareness that
results depend on the techniques and their assumptions is particularly
important.
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